贡献者: ACertainUser
横波中,各微元的振动方向垂直于波的传播方向。相邻微元间受剪切力并发生剪切变形。由于空气等介质不能发生剪切变形,因此横波不能在空气中传播。
纵波中,各微元的振动方向平行于波的传播方向。相邻微元间受拉力、压力力并发生拉伸、压缩变形。在空气中,“拉伸变形”、“压缩变形” 可以理解为气体分子的疏散与聚集。
%绘制横波
T=2;
v=4;
t=0;
A=0.3;
w=2*pi/T;
k=w/v;
for t=0:0.1:5
[x y]=meshgrid(-5:5);
xo=x;
yo=y;
[a b] = size(x);
wave = A*cos(k*x-w*t);
y=y+wave;
clf
hold on
scatter(xo,yo,'MarkerEdgeColor',[0.9 0.9 0.9]);
scatter(x,y);
axis equal
axis([-6 6 -6 6])
axis off
hold off
drawnow
pause(0.1)
end
%绘制纵波
T=2;
v=5;
t=0;
A=0.5;
w=2*pi/T;
k=w/v;
for t=0:0.1:5
[x y]=meshgrid(-5:5);
xo=x;
yo=y;
[a b] = size(x);
wave = A*cos(k*x-w*t);
x=x+wave;
clf
hold on
scatter(xo,yo,'MarkerEdgeColor',[0.9 0.9 0.9]);
scatter(x,y);
axis equal
axis([-6 6 -6 6])
axis off
hold off
drawnow
pause(0.1)
end