贡献者: ACertainUser
众所周知,地球的赤道面($0 ^\circ$ 纬度确定的平面)与黄道面(地球公转轨道确定的平面)存在倾角,因此地球呈现丰富的气候现象。本模型演示了地球绕太阳的公转,并体现了:
本模型仅适用于基础性定性演示。
以下是相应的 Matlab 代码:
clc
clear
function c=CIRCLE(x,y,z,r)
t = linspace(0,2*pi,40);
cx = r*cos(t)+x;
cy = r*sin(t)+y;
cz = zeros(size(t))+z;
c=plot3(cx,cy,cz);
end
function s = SPHERE(x,y,z,r)
[X,Y,Z] = sphere(20);
X = r*X+x;
Y = r*Y+y;
Z = r*Z+z;
s = surf(X,Y,Z);
set(s,'EdgeColor','none')
end
R=5;
for t=linspace(0,365,100)
%t unit in day, 0-1 is one day, 0-365 is one year.
% 大致上,t=0,90,180,270时,分别为北半球冬至,春分,夏至,秋分
%t的设定参考:
%公转:范围为0-365,step为100
%自转:范围为0-1,step为100
%公转+自转:范围为0-365,step为365*6,需要额外的地球贴图以获得更好效果
clf;
hold on
axis equal
axis([-7 7 -7 7 -2 2])
xlabel('X')
ylabel('Y')
zlabel('Z')
view(0,30)
sun = SPHERE(0,0,0,0.5); %绘制太阳
set(sun,'facecolor','r')
c1 = CIRCLE(0,0,0,5); %地球公转轨道
[mx my] = meshgrid(-R-2:R+2);
mz = zeros(size(mx));
s1 = surf(mx,my,mz,'edgecolor','none','facecolor','y','faceAlpha',0.3); %黄道面
ex = R*cos(2*pi/365*t);
ey = R*sin(2*pi/365*t);
earth = SPHERE(ex,ey,0,1); %绘制地球公转
set(earth, 'FaceColor',[0.8 0.8 1],'EdgeColor',[0.6 0.6 0.6]);
rotate(earth,[0 0 1],mod(t,1)*360,[ex ey 0]); %自转
rotate(earth,[0 1 0],23.5,[ex ey 0]); %自转倾角
l = line([ex ex],[ey ey],[-5 5]); %绘制自转轴
rotate(l,[0 1 0],23.5,[ex ey 0]);
[mx my] = meshgrid(ex-2:ex+2, ey-2:ey+2);
mz = zeros(size(mx));
s2 = surf(mx,my,mz,'edgecolor','none','facecolor','r','faceAlpha',0.3);
%绘制赤道面
rotate(s2,[0 1 0],23.5,[ex ey 0]);
rc = 1.01;
cx = (R-rc)*ex/R;
cy = (R-rc)*ey/R;
c2 = CIRCLE(ex,ey,0,rc); %绘制直射纬度
rotate(c2,[0 1 0],23.5,[cx cy 0]);
c3 = CIRCLE(ex,ey,0,1.01); %绘制晨昏线
rotate(c3,[0 1 0],90,[ex ey 0]);
rotate(c3,[0 0 1],2/365*t*180,[ex ey 0]);
hold off
pause(0.05);
end
先定义函数
function TRANSLATE(f,x,y,z)
X = get(f,'XDATA');
Y = get(f,'YDATA');
Z = get(f,'ZDATA');
X = X+x;
Y = Y+y;
Z = Z+z;
set(f,'XDATA',X,'YDATA',Y,'ZDATA',Z);
end
再将以下代码加入每帧的画图后("hold off"前),即可得到赤道面参考系的地球公转。
c4 = CIRCLE(0,0,0,5); %太阳的黄道轨迹
set(c4,'color',[0.8 0.8 0]);
rotate(c4,[0 1 0],-23.5,[0 0 0]);
[mx my] = meshgrid(-R-2:R+2); %新的黄道面(可选)
mz = zeros(size(mx));
s3 = surf(mx,my,mz,'edgecolor','none','facecolor','y','faceAlpha',0.3); %黄道面
rotate(s3,[0 1 0],-23.5,[0 0 0]);
rotate(sun,[0 1 0],-23.5,[ex ey 0]);
rotate(c1,[0 1 0],-23.5,[ex ey 0]);
rotate(s1,[0 1 0],-23.5,[ex ey 0]);
rotate(earth,[0 1 0],-23.5,[ex ey 0]);
rotate(l,[0 1 0],-23.5,[ex ey 0]);
rotate(s2,[0 1 0],-23.5,[ex ey 0]);
rotate(c2,[0 1 0],-23.5,[ex ey 0]);
rotate(c3,[0 1 0],-23.5,[ex ey 0]);
TRANSLATE(sun,-ex,-ey,0);
TRANSLATE(c1,-ex,-ey,0);
TRANSLATE(s1,-ex,-ey,0);
TRANSLATE(earth,-ex,-ey,0);
TRANSLATE(l,-ex,-ey,0);
TRANSLATE(s2,-ex,-ey,0);
TRANSLATE(c2,-ex,-ey,0);
TRANSLATE(c3,-ex,-ey,0);
delete(s1)%删除旧的黄道面(可选)