挫伤通常与水肿有关,尤其可能导致颅内压升高,并伴随着对脆弱脑组织的挤压。
挫伤通常形成楔形,最宽的部分在大脑的最外层。[11]
挫伤和脑出血之间的区别是模糊的,因为两者都涉及脑组织内的出血;然而,有一种大致的判断是如果所涉及的组织中有少于或等于三分之二的出血,则为挫伤,反之则为脑出血。[2]
挫伤可能导致周围脑组织肿胀,这可能是被挫伤过程中释放的毒素所刺激引起的[2],在受伤后大约4到6天肿胀最严重。[2]
与硬膜下血肿相关的大范围挫伤称为爆裂性脑叶。[4] 额叶或颞叶爆裂性病例与高死亡率和高发病率相关。[4]
旧的或远端的挫伤与受伤组织的再吸收有关,除了残留含铁血黄素导致的金黄色变色外,还会导致不同程度的气穴现象。这些远端挫伤通常被称为斑块黄色或黄色斑块。[12]
皮质下灰质中出现的许多毛细血管破裂造成的小挫伤称为多瘀点出血或多灶性出血挫伤。[13]挫伤由撞击时的剪切损伤引起,尤其常见于灰质和白质的交界处,以及上脑干、基底神经节、丘脑和第三脑室附近的区域。[13]出血可能是脑疝导致的动脉撕裂造成的。[13]作为一种弥漫性脑损伤,多瘀点出血使用目前的成像技术(如电脑断层扫描和核磁共振扫描)并不总是能被检测到,即使伤势相当严重,这些淤点出血也可能会在伤后几天之后才出现。[14]如果伤势相当严重的病人,出血会比正常挫伤大,而且如果病人处于昏迷状态(即使没有明显的昏迷原因),这种类型的损伤预后也会不好。[14]
^Hardman JM, Manoukian A (2002). "Pathology of Head Trauma". Neuroimaging Clinics of North America. 12 (2): 175–187, vii. doi:10.1016/S1052-5149(02)00009-6. PMID 12391630..
^Khoshyomn S, Tranmer BI (May 2004). "Diagnosis and management of pediatric closed head injury". Seminars in Pediatric Surgery. 13 (2): 80–86. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2004.01.003. PMID 15362277..
^Granacher RP (2007). Traumatic Brain Injury: Methods for Clinical & Forensic Neuropsychiatric Assessment (Second ed.). Boca Raton: CRC. p. 26. ISBN 0-8493-8138-X. Retrieved 2008-07-06..
^Gennarelli GA, Graham DI (2005). "Neuropathology". In Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC. Textbook Of Traumatic Brain Injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. p. 29. ISBN 1-58562-105-6. Retrieved 2008-06-10..
^Sanders MJ and McKenna K. 2001. Mosby’s Paramedic Textbook, 2nd revised Ed. Chapter 22, "Head and Facial Trauma." Mosby..
^Kushner D (1998). "Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Toward Understanding Manifestations and Treatment". Archives of Internal Medicine. 158 (15): 1617–1624. doi:10.1001/archinte.158.15.1617. PMID 9701095..
^Rao V, Lyketsos C (2000). "Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of Traumatic Brain Injury". Psychosomatics. 41 (2): 95–103. doi:10.1176/appi.psy.41.2.95. PMID 10749946..
^Shepherd S. 2004. "Head Trauma." Emedicine.com. Retrieved on 2008-01-10..
^Graham DI and Gennareli TA. Chapter 5, "Pathology of Brain Damage After Head Injury" Cooper P and Golfinos G. 2000. Head Injury, 4th Ed. Morgan Hill, New York..
^Bigler, ED. 2000. The Lesion(s) in Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Clinical Neuropsychology. Accessed through web archive. Retrieved on 2008-01-17..
^Vinas FC and Pilitsis J. 2006. "Penetrating Head Trauma." Emedicine.com. Retrieved on 2008-01-10..
^https://web.archive.org/web/20221025175220/http://kobiljak.msu.edu/CAI/Pathology/Trauma_F/Trauma_3.html.
^"Brain Injury, Traumatic". Medcyclopaedia. GE. Archived from the original on 2011-05-26..
^Downie A. 2001. "Tutorial: CT in Head Trauma" Archived 2005-11-06 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved May 8, 2008.
^Rehman T, Ali R, Tawil I, Yonas H (2008). "Rapid progression of traumatic bifrontal contusions to transtentorial herniation: A case report". Cases Journal. 1 (1): 203. doi:10.1186/1757-1626-1-203. PMC 2566562. PMID 18831756..
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