数字射线照相术使用X射线感光板,可在患者检查过程中直接采集数据,无需使用中间暗盒即可将其传输至计算机系统。[1]其优势包括绕过化学处理的时间效率,以及数字传输和增强图像的能力。此外,可以使用更少的辐射来生成与常规射线照相术相似对比度的图像。
数字X射线照相术使用数字图像捕获设备,而不是X射线胶片。这提供了即时图像预览和可用性的优势;取消昂贵的胶片处理步骤;更宽的动态范围,这使得它对过度曝光和曝光不足的情况更宽容;以及应用特殊图像处理技术的能力,以提高图像整体显示质量。
平板探测器(FPDs)是最常见的直接数字探测器。[2]它们分为两大类:
基于CMOS(互补金属氧化物半导体)和电荷耦合器件(CCD)的探测器也得到了发展,但是尽管与某些系统的平板显示器相比成本较低,体积庞大的设计和较差的图像质量仍阻碍了其广泛的采用。[5]
一种高密度线扫描固态探测器,由掺杂有铕(BaFBr:Eu)或溴化铯(CsBr)磷光粉的光激发氟溴化钡组成。磷光探测器记录曝光期间的X射线能量,然后由激光二极管扫描以激发存储的能量,该能量由CCD的数字图像捕获阵列释放和读出。
磷光板射线照相术[6]类似于一个感光胶片夹在两个X射线感光屏之间的旧模拟系统,不同之处在于模拟胶片已经被具有光激发磷光体(PSP)的成像板代替,该成像板记录要由图像读取设备读取的图像,图像读取设备通常将图像传输到图像存档和通信系统(PACS)中。[6]它也被称为基于光激发磷光体(PSP)板的射线照相术或计算机射线照相术[7](不要与使用计算机处理将多个投影射线照相术图片转换成3D图像的计算机断层扫描相混淆)。
X射线曝光后,将板(片)放入专用扫描仪中,利用激光扫描逐点检索潜影并数字化。数字图像被存储并显示在计算机屏幕上。[7]磷光板射线照相术被描述为具有可安装在任何无需修改的任何现有设备中的优点,因为它取代了现有的胶片;然而,它包括扫描仪和更换刮伤板的额外费用。
最初磷光板射线照相术是首选系统;早期的DR系统非常昂贵(每盒价值40000- 50000英镑),而且随着“技术被带到病人身上”,系统容易损坏。[8]由于没有物理打印输出,并且在读出过程之后获得数字图像,因此CR被称为间接数字技术,它弥补了X射线胶片和全数字探测器之间的差距。[9][10]
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