在冶金中,有色金属是指不含可观量的铁 (铁氧体)的金属,包括合金。
一般来说,有色金属比黑色金属更昂贵,有色金属得以应用是因为其具有理想的性能,例如重量轻(如铝)、导电性高(如铜)、[1]非磁性或耐腐蚀性(如锌)。[2]一些有色金属材料也用于钢铁工业。例如,铝土矿被用作高炉的熔剂,而其他如黑钨矿、软锰矿和铬铁矿被用于制造铁合金。[3]
重要的有色金属包括铝、铜、铅、镍、锡、钛和锌,以及黄铜等合金。如金、银和铂等贵金属以及诸如钴、汞、钨、铍、铋、铈、镉、铌、铟、镓、锗、锂、硒、钽、碲、钒和锆等外来或稀有金属也是有色金属。[4]有色金属通常通过硫化物、碳酸盐和硅酸盐等矿物获得,[5]并通过电解精炼。[6]
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